Carrying concepts across language barriers requires linguistic equivalents. Finding equivalent terms often involves more than consulting a dictionary or artificial intelligence (AI)—particularly in rapidly evolving areas of research. Even with terms that have been around for a while, however, one may sometimes have but a vague idea of what they really mean. Terminological equivalence has been defined as a one-to-one mapping of all of the characteristics of a given concept. Fi

Edited by PASCALINE FAURE, Sorbonne University 2021, Peter Lang, Éditions scientifiques internationales This compilation of essays takes a fresh look at the state of the world’s most widely spoken languages of medicine. I was honored to contribute the chapter on medical German, the table of contents of which is shown below. The chapter traces the history of the language of medicine in German from the days when it barely existed to the present—when it is in danger of being re

Modern methodologies to establish evidence in biomedical research were pioneered by the Canadian research group around Gordon Guyatt and David Sackett. In 1992, the term ‘evidence-based medicine’ was first used in the medical literature by Guyatt et al. [ 1 ], and in 1996, Sackett et al. [ 2 ] explained what they thought ‘evidence-based’ was and what it was not. The most common, yet seriously misleading, rendering of ‘evidence-based medicine’ in German is Evidenz-basierte Me

Translation requires more than exchanging terms in one language for terms in another. Translation is interpretation.